=============================================================================== Lick Northern Proper Motion Program: Lick Star Identification Catalog (LSIC) (A.R. Klemola, R.B. Hanson, and B.F. Jones -- November 2005) Detailed Documentation text file: lsic.txt Arnold R. Klemola and Robert B. Hanson UCO/Lick Observatory, University of California ============================================================================== 1. Introduction --------------- The Lick Northern Proper Motion (NPM) program, a two-epoch photographic survey of the northern two-thirds of the sky (dec > -23 deg), measured absolute proper motions, accurate positions, and BV photometry for 378,360 stars from 8 < B < 18. The main results are published in two catalogs: The Lick NPM1 Catalog (Klemola, Hanson, and Jones 2000; CDS catalog I/199A) contains 148,940 stars in 899 "NPM1" fields outside the Milky Way's zone of avoidance. The Lick NPM2 Catalog (Hanson, Klemola, Jones, and Monet 2003; CDS catalog I/283A) contains 232,062 stars in the remaining 347 "NPM2" fields near the plane of the Milky Way. (The NPM1 + NPM2 total is adjusted for 2642 stars included in both catalogs due to field overlaps.) Cross-identifications, stellar classifications, and literature references for NPM1 and NPM2 "special stars" chosen for astrophysical interest are published in two supplemental catalogs: The NPM1 Cross-Identifications (Klemola, Hanson, and Jones 1994; CDS catalog I/214) contains 41,858 entries. The NPM2 Cross- Identifications (Klemola, Hanson, Jones, and Monet 2004; CDS catalog I/293) contains 46,887 entries. Each of the four catalogs has documentation in the form of a "ReadMe" file. Two journal papers describe the NPM1 (Klemola, Jones, and Hanson 1987; AJ,94,501) and NPM2 (Hanson, Klemola, Jones, and Monet 2004; AJ,128,1430) phases of the NPM program. A bibliography of papers and catalogs related to the NPM program is posted on the Lick NPM WWW site, at the URL http://www.ucolick.org/~npm We encourage users of the NPM catalogs to consult those references, which give far more detail than can be presented here. The Lick Star Identification Catalog (LSIC) is a final supplement to the NPM program, listing 18,357 "special stars" intended for NPM2, but rejected at various stages of the NPM2 plate surveys and data reductions. (See Sec. 7.4 of Hanson et al. (2004) for a detailed account.) Klemola's plate surveys for these stars contain much information of value to observers and database compilers. The stars were positively identified at the Lick Survey Machine, often with the use of finding charts, and their X,Y coordinates were visually measured with 20 micron precision, about 1 arcsec on the NPM plates. This often represents an order-of-magnitude improvement over the previous crude positions. Many stars have multiple identifications; the LSIC totals 32,093 entries, averaging 1.75 per star. The LSIC will prove useful for identifying stars in existing and future databases, and facilitating further observations for many stars of particular astronomical or astrophysical interest. 2. Content of the LSIC ----------------------- "Special Stars" for the NPM program were chosen by Klemola in a comprehensive survey of the astronomical literature, continuing over 30 years. Klemola's "Input Catalog of Special Stars" (ICSS) contains some 300,000 entries, from over 1100 literature sources, for 220,000 stars. The documentation file "npm2cros.txt" for the NPM2 Cross-Identifications (CDS I/293) gives a detailed description of the compilation and content of Klemola's ICSS. Star designations, stellar type classifications, and bibliographic data for the LSIC come from Klemola's ICSS. For the ICSS and the LSIC we limited star "names" to 15 characters, with longer names abbreviated as necessary. Some names in the literature are ambiguous, having only numbers and/or characters. For these cases Klemola constructed a unique designation. Author names, or a combination of truncated names and/or initials, were prefixed to the existing designation. A few problematic cases were found where the same number designated different stars; in the ICSS and LSIC these numbers are postscripted with the whole degree of declination to resolve the ambiguity. Many of these ambiguous come from the "Catalogue of Suspected Variables" (CSV). Because Klemola's ICSS/LSIC designations may be unconventional, the user should consult SIMBAD's Dictionary of Nomenclature of Celestial Objects for current practices. The ICSS denotes the type of object using a three-character code KLA, based mainly on types assigned by authors of a publication. Shortening to three characters sometimes obscures the classifications by authors. Major modifications include assignment of KLA = 'RED' for stars of spectral type M, to avoid conflict with Mira variables, with designation KLA = 'M '. Novae have KLA = 'NOV' to distinguish them from stars of spectral type 'N '. The user should consult data centers and literature sources to seek modern stellar classifications and other information for LSIC stars. The ICSS class code KLA is not intended to be definitive; it is a guide for users wanting to select subsets of stars from the NPM catalogs. The star reference number REFs (1 to 1113, and 1114 for Tycho-2) specifies the publication from which the stars were selected. For stars identified from finding charts, the chart reference number REFc specifies the publication containing the charts. These can be different, particularly for stars in variable star catalogs. Four publications in ICSS were accidentally given the same reference number REFs: 0117=0773, 0205=0688, 0402=0893, and 0724=0936. Reference REFs 0747=1022 was validly taken twice, as two parts of the content from that publication. Three publications were given the same number (REFs=0021) for the Nassau and Blanco surveys for carbon stars (Case 001-271, Case 272-693, Case 694-749). 3. Composition of the LSIC --------------------------- Klemola's plate surveys for NPM2 examined stellar images with the Lick Survey Machine, separating the stars into three data streams: (1) Stars judged to be astrometrically and photometrically suitable for use in the NPM program. These stars form the "special star" component of the NPM2 Catalog, with its corresponding NPM2 Cross-Identifications catalog. (2) Stars successfully identified by Klemola, but judged not to be usable for the NPM program. Reasons include image blending (with other stars, nebulae, and film defects) and excessive brightness or faintness. These survey-rejected stars are the main component of the LSIC. (3) Stars rejected for other reasons, such as unreliable identification; or stars from excessively long star lists (often high-density photometric or low-dispersion spectroscopic surveys for small regions of the sky). The LSIC also contains those stars initially selected in the NPM2 plate surveys (category 1 above) that failed to survive all stages of the NPM2 data reductions. This includes large-amplitude variable stars whose magnitudes at the two epochs were too different to allow precision differential astrometry. Another category of stars in LSIC are stars selected at the plate surveys, but whose images were not successfully extracted from the PMM plate scan files, generally because they failed to fall within the small "windows" used to prevent picking incorrect images. This includes some stars of large proper motion, surveyed on the first- epoch blue plate but "lost" on the second-epoch plates due to inexact prior proper motion data. Many stars in the NPM2 plate overlaps entered the initial LSIC list, but were removed later. The 347 NPM2 fields overlap with their neighbors in right ascension and declination by at least one degree. Stars located in more than one (up to four) field(s) were surveyed separately in both (or all) fields. Stars selected, and measured successfully, in one NPM2 field, but rejected in the survey of one or more of the overlapping fields, would appear in both the NPM2 catalog and the initial LSIC. These "duplicate" entries, totaling 5,210 stars, do not appropriately belong in the LSIC, and were removed from the final version (18,357 stars). Klemola used these overlap stars to compare the accuracy of the LSIC positions (from visual image bisection at the Lick Survey Machine) versus the NPM2 catalog positions. The LSIC positions, reduced to the Tycho-2 reference frame, are generally accurate at the level of roughly one arcsecond in each coordinate, at the Lick plate epoch. (No proper motions are derived for LSIC stars). Comparison of LSIC versus much more precise Tycho-2 positions yields LSIC rms error estimates of 0.95" and 1.50" in right ascension and declination, respectively. Outlier stars (up to 10--15") are noted in footnotes to the LSIC. The largest errors chiefly occur at high northern declinations, the zones that Klemola surveyed first, before conceiving of a LSIC catalog for "reject" stars. There was some editing and rejections of stars with excessively large residuals, due to poor images, backlash in the survey machine, or wrong identification. Klemola extensively re-checked the LSIC identifications, using positional comparisons, published charts, CDS SIMBAD, and NASA SkyView. Stars found to be definitely mis-identified were rejected from the LSIC. These checks also found a few stars in the NPM2 Catalog whose cross-identifications are mistaken or very doubtful. The NPM2 "names" of these stars are listed below: +62.0954 +59.1981 +57.0470 +57.2693 +55.0261 +47.2415 +44.1307 +43.1472 +42.1030 +37.0747 +37.2329 +35.0605 +35.1192 +35.1500 +32.1878 +35.1192 +27.0721 +22.1945 +20.0610 +18.1747 +11.1033 +07.2702 +07.3610 -01.2065 -02.0736 -03.0695 -07.0028 Because Klemola devoted considerable effort to reliably identify the LSIC stars, the positions and cross-identifications contained in the LSIC should now provide a helpful guide to observers wishing to locate these stars. 4. Details of the LSIC (data file lsic.dat) -------------------------------------------- Each position in the LSIC is in the J2000 system, at the epoch of the NPM first- epoch blue plate used for the visual survey (range 1947-1954, mean 1950.07). For stars in overlapping fields, we list the mean epoch of all plates used. 4.1 LSIC Star number (nlsic) ----------------------------- Stars in the LSIC are indexed by a running number (from 00001 to 18357). Each star has the same LSIC number and equatorial coordinates for as many lines as there are cross-identifications noted from the basic ICSS compilation. If the star is in Tycho-2, the final line provides data from that catalog. The following information is provided on the same line after the LSIC number: 4.2 Publication Star Names ("Star") ------------------------------------ Names from a literature source may be modified for reduced length (15-character limit), clarity, and uniqueness. See Section 2 above and the NPM2 documentation file npmcros.txt for more details. After completion of a preliminary version of the LSIC, a comparison of positions was made with Tycho-2 to find stars in common to both catalogs (omitting stars with multiplicity code greater than "1" in the third position of the three-part Tycho-2 name). 4.3 Class of object (KLA) -------------------------- Class of object is taken from the publications. It may be modified to fit the three-character format and for clarity or uniqueness. There are 150 variations of the KLA class code: 56 reflect spectral classes, 95 are variable star designations, and 13 are cases where we assigned a single KLA to certain catalogs or regions of the sky. Two LSIC Appendices list the KLA types: Appendix 1: lsiccode.dat (KLA types listed alphabetically, with translations) Appendix 2: lsiccode.txt (A text file grouping the KLA classes) 4.4 Coordinates: LSIC and Tycho-2 ---------------------------------- The right ascension (RAh,RAm,RAs) and declination (DE-,DEd,DEm,DEs) are based on Survey Machine measurements on the NPM first-epoch blue plates, reduced to J2000 at the plate epoch (ep1b+1900.0) using Tycho-2 as reference frame. These are given to 0.01 sec of time and to 0.1 arcsecond, respectively. As noted earlier, the rms precision is 0.95 and 1.50 arcseconds in right ascension and declination, respectively. For LSIC stars found in the Tycho-2 Catalogue, the Tycho-2 position and other data are appended to the LSIC data set for that star. We applied the Tycho-2 proper motion to update/backdate the Tycho-2 position from its epoch to the NPM plate epoch. This facilitates comparison with the other positions listed for that star. Rare cases include a brighter component as Tycho-2 star with a non-Tycho-2 companion. Inclusion of Tycho-2 data enables the LSIC user to choose the superior Tycho-2 position when available. 4.5 Photometry and Codes ------------------------- ICSS includes references containing stars with UBV (or BV) and other photometry. In addition to major sources like the USNO Photometric Catalog (Blanco+,1959, REFs=0005) and Hubble GSPC (Lasker+,1988, REFs=0608), many smaller sources are included in the ICSS. Many of these sources provide only charts with labeled stars and no coordinates (see Appendix D in npm2cros.txt). The LSIC now provides coordinates of arcsecond precision for those stars. The magnitudes, colors, and their types are labeled "mag", "col", and "n_mag", "n_col", respectively, in the ReadMe file for LSIC. n_mag= code for type of photometry (magnitudes) 0= none 1= Johnson V 2= Johnson B 3= m_pv (or visual estimate, or other yellow meas.) 4= m_pg (m_b and similar blue measures) 5= red (near-IR, other related types) from the following REFs(KLA): 0087(GM ) 0021(CAR) 0121(CAR) 0123(CAR) 0156(CAR) 0160(S ) 0206(IR ) 0339(CAR) 0340(S ) 1091(HAE) 1073(VAR) 1082(VAR) 1090(CAR) 6= uvby 4-color; or (rarely) Cousins magnitudes R_c,I_c 7= Hipparcos H_p or Tycho-2 B_T (rarely used) 8= JHKVLM near-IR bands (about 30 variable stars) n_col= code for type of photometry (colors) 0= none 1= Johnson B-V 2= other colors or estimates (if any, rare) 4.6 Code for Identification Reliability ---------------------------------------- The reliability of star identification is based, in part, on notes made by Klemola during the visual selection of stars on photographic plates. Later checks and verifications generated more footnotes. A single-digit code (n_id) gives the identification reliability: 0= acceptable or no comment, 1= confirmed from good position, chart, variability, or proper motion, 2= some doubt (may have footnote, see code n_foot), 3= wrong object (not used for LSIC, such stars rejected). The selection of stars and image selection codes are described in greater detail in Section 2.5 of the NPM2 documentation file npm2cros.txt. 4.7 Code for Footnotes ----------------------- Footnotes are based mainly on notes made by Klemola during visual surveys of the NPM blue plates. They are listed in Appendix 5 (lsicfoot.dat, 4321 records). Existence of a footnote for a star in LSIC is indicated by a single-digit footnote code (n_foot): 0= no footnote, 1= footnote exists. The footnote Appendix is arranged by LSIC number, in the same order as the LSIC catalog. 4.8 Publication References and Charts -------------------------------------- The LSIC includes abbreviated publication name (PUB, format a30) from ICSS for each star. Each publication in ICSS has a four-digit reference number REFs, used in text, specifying location of the star. Only part of the full range of REFs in ICSS, running from 1 to 1113 (1114 added later for Tycho-2), are used in LSIC and NPM2. A second five-character code REFc, used in text, specifies the location of a finding chart. For many publications the two codes are identical. However, some publications, such as the variable star catalogs, have internal numbering systems for chart locations in the literature. Special cases for chart code REFc include the Bonner Durchmusterung (D0000) and the HST Guide Star Catalogue (G0000). These location codes are described in detail in the NPM2 Cross-Identifications documentation. A listing of all publications REFs, used for LSIC and NPM2, is given in two appendices described in Section 5 (below). 4.9 Epochs for LSIC Positions ------------------------------ The value ep1b + 1900.00 represents the NPM2 first-epoch; this is the epoch for the LSIC position and any accompanying Tycho-2 position. If a star was measured on overlapping plates, the mean epoch is given. 4.10 Proper Motions for Tycho-2 Stars in LSIC ---------------------------------------------- Proper motions for Tycho-2 stars (if available) are included in LSIC: pma,pmd (mas/yr) in right ascension and declination, respectively. 4.11 Hipparcos Stars in LSIC ----------------------------- For stars where LSIC gives Tycho-2 data, the last data field lists the Hipparcos Catalogue number (HIPP). Not all Hipparcos stars in LSIC are noted here, because (a) NPM2 and LSIC do not include Tycho-2 stars coded for multiplicity; and (b) some Hipparcos stars are not in the Tycho-2 Catalogue. 5. Publications Listings and Nomenclature: SIMBAD ------------------------------------------------- The subset of ICSS publication references used in LSIC (and NPM2) are given in Appendix 3 lsicref1.dat (sorted by REFs number) Appendix 4 lsicref2.dat (alphabetical order by first author). The format is identical for both files and is given in the ReadMe file. Note that both reference lists retain those publications already used for NPM2, as well as the references added by LSIC. This allows the user to see for each reference the count of stars appearing in NPM2 (field #3) and the count added by the LSIC (field #4). Zero counts in field #3 says the stars are found only in LSIC. Zero counts in field #4 indicates the stars are found only in NPM2. The combined total is 655 references, of which 562 are in LSIC. These appendices contain the following information. REFs= ICSS reference number for stars PUB = abbreviated (A30) journal publication or catalog reference nref1= number of ICSS stars from this reference found in NPM2. nref2= number of ICSS stars from this reference found in LSIC. KLA1= Code for object class found in this REFs = '+++' = more than five classes (usually variable star catalogs) KLA[2-5] list up to four additional object classes in this REFs nomR= Nomenclatures used in this reference (A34 format) sim = Code for comparison with SIMBAD nomenclature. = ' ' = this PUB reference is found in SIMBAD = '0','1',or '2' = this PUB reference not found in SIMBAD = '1' = NPM2 used chart with labeled stars but no coordinates. NPM2 Appendix D lists these chart references. Section 5.1 describes stars selected on such marked charts alone. = '2' = NPM2 used chart with unlabeled stars and no coordinates. NPM2 Appendix E lists these chart references. Section 5.2 describes stars selected on charts alone. nomS= Nomenclature used in SIMBAD (A30) if sim = ' ' = 'SIM other', with B magnitude range if sim = '0','1',or '2' These stars might be found in SIMBAD by positional matching. When issues of nomenclature arise, we recommend using the LSIC J2000 positions to get SIMBAD's list of IDs for the stars in question. Certain references provide only limited information needed for star selection. These cases are described in more detail in three appendices to the NPM2 Cross- Identifications: Appendix C: certain publications with special notes about star selection. Appendix D: fields with stars labeled on charts but no coordinates. Appendix E: fields with neither marked stars nor coordinates. Stars added. 6. Abundant Classes and Larger Catalogs in LSIC (and NPM2) ----------------------------------------------------------- Several classes of stars are very numerous. Examples include early-type stars (OB,OBA,BAE), emission-line (ELS) and H-alpha emission (HAE) stars, carbon stars (CAR), late-type stars (DKM,DWF,RED M-types), uv-excess (UVE), uv-bright (UVB) stars, and various classes of variable stars. Appendices 3 and 4 list star counts from each publication. Counts of stars in LSIC from several larger catalogs, some with very incomplete selection, are listed below. REFs nref2 Larger Catalogs in LSIC -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0001 4059 Variable Star Catalog (+REFs0614,0615,0616,0971,0972,0973,1003) 0005 1129 Washington Photoelectric Catalogue (Blanco+,1968) 0393 315 Luminous Stars in the Southern Milky Way (Stephenson 1971) 0401 1652 Luminous Stars in the Northern Milky Way (Hardorp+,1965-69) 0608 316 Hubble GSPC (Lasker+,1988) 0809 335 Preliminary Yale Parallax Catalog (Van Altena+,1991) 0810 190 Catalogue of Nearby Stars #3 (Gliese+,1991) 0811 2162 NLTT Catalogue of Proper Motions (Luyten 1980) 0813 992 Lowell Proper Motion Survey (North) 0815 346 Dearborn Red Stars ("Titanium Oxide Stars ...", Lee+,1947). 0816 1136 Catalog of Suspected Variables (Kukarkin+,1981) 0817 727 Carlsberg Meridian Circle Catalogue (Team 1989). Sum CAMC 4-8 1091 515 Cat. of H-alpha Emission Stars in N. Milky Way (Kohoutek 1997) 1100 207 New Catalog of Suspected Variables (Kazovarets+,1998) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7. The LSIC Catalog -------------------- The LSIC catalog data file lsic.dat contains 18,357 stars. Each star has one to ten cross-identifications placed on successive lines. The total number of entries is 32,097. The precision of positions is 0.95" in right ascension and 1.50" in declination. We do not intend these cross-identifications to be complete. We recommend searching SIMBAD and other databases for further IDs for LSIC stars. 8. Acknowledgements -------------------- We thank both Lick Observatory and the National Science Foundation for their long-term support of the NPM program. The NPM2 phase was supported by NSF grants AST 95-30632 and AST 99-88105. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Arnold R. Klemola Robert B. Hanson 2005 November; revised 2007 May